Last month an open letter signed by 300 academics encouraged Canadian politicians to support the full decriminalization of prostitution in Canada. Today, a letter signed by over 800 feminists and allies calls on politicians to look towards the Nordic model — a model which decriminalizes prostitutes, criminalizes pimps and johns, and institutes services and supports for those who wish to exit the industry — as a solution to the issue of prostitution and sex trafficking in Canada. The model has been successful in Sweden since 1999, has since been adopted by Norway and Iceland, and has been recommended by French parliament and EU Parliament. It is a feminist model that focuses explictily on the gender inequality inherent to the sex industry.
Right Hon. Stephen Harper, Prime Minister, Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada,
Mr. Thomas Mulcair, MP, Leader of the Official Opposition, the New Democratic Party of Canada,
Mr. Justin Trudeau, MP, Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada,
Mr. Jean-François Fortin, MP, Interim Leader of the Bloc Québécois,
Ms. Elizabeth May, MP, Leader of the Green Party of Canada
April 23, 2014
Dear Sirs and Madam,
We—the undersigned—are women who work in different capacities to end violence against women and to protect and advance women’s rights to equality. Prostitution is a practice in which women’s subordination to men is inherent and lived out repeatedly. Consequently, we are writing to you today to urge you to support the “Nordic approach” to legislation on prostitution for Canada, because it includes legislation, intensive social supports, and public education strategies, all designed to reduce and eliminate prostitution.
We are aware of the March 27 open letter from the Gender and Sexual Health Initiative at the University of British Columbia (GSHI), which calls for decriminalization of all aspects of prostitution, including buyers and profiteers, on the grounds that this is the only “evidence‑based” policy option.
The use of the term “evidence-based” has become a smear used by those supporting the sex industry to suggest that those who oppose it in the name of women’s equality are arguing from a position of nothing more than anecdote or opinion. The list of signatories implies that only those with formal credentials can “research” or interpret evidence. We reject both of these premises. Evidence about the harms of prostitution is gathered by academic researchers, survivors of prostitution and those working on the front-line. That evidence proves that prostitution is violence against women.
This is not only a dispute about evidence; it is a dispute about goals and principles, and legislators will have to decide carefully which principles they wish to uphold, and which goals they wish to pursue, for women in Canada. The evidence in the same studies and government reports cited in the GHSI letter supports intensive efforts, worldwide, to reduce and eliminate prostitution. All reports and studies on prostitution confirm that, as the Ontario Court of Appeal said in Bedford, “prostitution is inherently dangerous in virtually any circumstance.”[1] Merely attempting to reduce the ancillary dangers of prostitution is an inadequate, and in our view, discriminatory strategy.
The signatories to the GHSI letter believe that prostitution, or ‘sex work’, is sex between consenting adults; that a bright line can be drawn between ‘sex work’ and trafficking and child prostitution; and that a harm reduction strategy is all that is necessary to moderate the worst effects of the commercial sex industry. We believe that prostitution constitutes violence against women because it is a practice of subordination and exploitation that is gendered, raced, and classed; that, as the Supreme Court of Canada found in Bedford, most women cannot be said to choose prostitution,[2] and consequently, in the experience of women, any line between prostitution, trafficking and child prostitution is more artificial than real. Therefore, we believe that a strategy that affirms the human dignity of women and girls is essential and the only approach consistent with Canada’s principles of equality.
A Women’s Equality Framework
First of all, any new approach to prostitution must be set in a women’s equality framework and reflect the fact that equality for women is a fundamental principle of Canadian law, enshrined in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and set out in human rights legislation that governs employment and services in all jurisdictions in the country. Prostitution is a social institution that both manifests and embeds the inequality between women and men, perpetuating women’s subordination to men, and their status as sexual commodities for men’s use. In Canada, as elsewhere, men are overwhelmingly buyers and women are the ones being sold. It is not sufficient in the face of these facts to take an approach that might merely reduce the harms that surround prostitution, when prostitution itself is a reinforcement of women’s subordination.
Further, the evidence is clear, including in affidavits filed by both the claimants and the defendants in the Bedford case, that women enter into prostitution because of economic need and profound social disadvantage. As it makes no sense to penalize women for their sexual, social, and economic inequality, we endorse the legislative approach of the Nordic model, that is, to decriminalize those—usually women— who are being bought and sold, but to apply criminal sanctions to buyers, pimps, and those who profit from the sale of women’s bodies. The criminal law by itself is not a solution to the inequality problem that prostitution represents, but it is essential, in our view, that the criminal law convey a clear message about women’s equality in Canada: in this case, the message that men’s purchase of sex is an egregious and impermissible violation of equality rights.
Who is in Prostitution?
Most women in prostitution in Canada are there because of poverty, homelessness, addictions, lack of social supports, racism, and the many harsh impacts of colonialism on Aboriginal communities and families. Aboriginal women and girls are disproportionately represented in street prostitution and among women in prostitution who have been murdered. In British Columbia, as the Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution (AWCEP) has documented, Asian women are disproportionately represented in indoor prostitution, in venues such as massage parlours, where they are advertised to clients as ‘exotic.’ Many women enter prostitution as children; many have histories of child sexual abuse. Most say they would leave prostitution if they could.
These are well‑established facts. Prostitution is evidence of, and entrenches, sex, race, and class hierarchies. In the face of this, it is wholly inaccurate to call prostitution sex between consenting adults or to explain women’s presence in prostitution as choice, when the choice of women to be in prostitution, or to leave it, is so heavily constrained. Prostitution for poor, racialized women in Canada cannot be called liberty.
The Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) has made a public call for help to stop the buying and pimping of Aboriginal women, and to stop the poverty and abuse that funnels them into prostitution. NWAC has said that its goal is to “end the prostitution of women and girls through legal and public policy measures that recognize the state’s obligations to 1) provide for basic needs and 2) protect women and girls from male violence.” The Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution (AWCEP) makes the same call. We support NWAC and AWCEP and join our voices to theirs.
It is apparent from the facts about women in prostitution that concerted and comprehensive social program intervention is required to prevent women and girls from entering prostitution and to assist them to leave it. Well‑designed interventions by Canada’s governments, with long‑term commitments to address the social and economic disadvantage of women and girls, and particularly of Aboriginal and other racialized women and girls, will be needed, not just piecemeal short‑term exit services, drop‑in centers, or safe houses. Creating conditions that minimize the risk of women entering prostitution, and genuinely helping them to leave it, requires providing women and girls with adequate alternative sources of income, including social assistance sufficient to meet basic needs, adequate housing, access to all levels of education, decent work, child care, and counseling, addiction, and mental health services.
On this point too we find the Nordic model helpful, because it is clear that criminal law, by itself, is not a sufficient solution to the profound inequality that prostitution represents. Genuine programmatic and budgetary commitments by governments are also necessary to address the deeply rooted social and economic disadvantages of women and the history of sexism, racism, and colonialism that underlie prostitution.
Why Canada Should Not Legalize Buying, Pimping and Profiting
Legalizing or decriminalizing prostitution has been tried in the Netherlands, Germany, the state of Nevada, some states in Australia, and New Zealand. Such an approach means that governments and societies accept that there is an underclass of women (defined by some combination of poverty, race and addiction) who can continue to be exploited in prostitution, even though prostitution is inherently an institution of sex inequality and violence. We do not agree that prostitution is acceptable for any women, or that the goal of equality between women and men can be abandoned for some women.
The Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) flatly rejects the prospect of indoor prostitution in legalized brothels as an advance for Aboriginal women and girls. They point out that Aboriginal women and girls who are in street prostitution are unlikely to move indoors because poverty and racism keep them in the most dangerous forms of prostitution. Even if this were not the case, NWAC finds that, over time, Aboriginal women and girls have been shifted from institution to institution by settler governments—residential schools, group homes, prisons. The brothel appears to be the most recent institution that is considered better and safer for Aboriginal women. But this is not equality for Aboriginal women and girls. As AWCEP knows from the experience of its members, indoor prostitution is no answer; it merely puts hard walls around the inequality of poor and racialized women, and leaves it unchanged.
Further, legalization and decriminalization, as an approach, renders the men who are buyers, pimps, and prostitution entrepreneurs invisible; their activities become protected, legal, and normalized. We believe that this is a wrong approach: men must be held accountable when they subordinate and exploit women. Equality for women cannot be achieved in Canada if we are unwilling to engage with the cruel reality that men exploit women in prostitution.
Even within the limited goal that legalization sets for itself – i.e., to reduce the harms that surround prostitution – the evidence does not show that it has succeeded. The most recent comprehensive study of prostitution and trafficking in one hundred and fifty countries finds that countries that have legalized prostitution show an increased inflow of trafficked persons, and growth in the size of the prostitution industry.[3] Government reports from Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand say that street prostitution persists,[4] and that there is little improvement in the conditions of women in prostitution.[5] The violence inherent in prostitution is accepted by legalization, and the violence regularly associated with prostitution does not disappear.
In addition, what is legalized and normalized is not just individual prostitution transactions, but the prostitution industry. It not only becomes legal for individual men to purchase access to women’s bodies, but also legal to own and run a business that sells access to women’s bodies, or for employers in isolated work locations to provide men access to women for sex as an aspect of employment. For Canada to take this step would be both dangerous and discriminatory.
Where Should Canada Stand?
Canada has a history of commitment to women’s equality, to racial equality, and to vigorous social programs as a means of creating a more egalitarian society in which the basic needs of all Canadians are met. In addition the rights of Aboriginal peoples, and of Aboriginal women to live free from violence, are set out in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, recently endorsed by Canada. Consistent with Canada’s long‑standing commitments to equality, we urge you now to support a Nordic‑model approach to new legislative, programmatic, and public education strategies to reduce and eliminate prostitution in Canada.
We do not accept prostitution as a solution to women’s poverty; we want something much better for Canada’s poor and racialized women and girls. We believe you do too, and we urge you to act on your commitments to women and to an egalitarian Canada.
List of Signatories
1. Hamai Abdiwahabu – Bénévole GAP, Chateauguay, QC, Canada
2. Saadatou Abdoulkarim – Militante féministe, QC, Canada
3. Esohe Aghatise – Executive Director, Associazione Iroko Onlus, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, Torino, Italy
4. Ijose Aghatise – Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Turin, Italy
5. Roseline Iroghama Aghatise – Iroko Charity Organisation, Nigeria
6. Isoken Aikpitanyi – Sex Trafficking Survivor and co founder of Associazione Ragazze di Benin City, Italy
7. Dr. Ochuko Ajari – Boston, MA, United States
8. Soerette Alexandre – Mémorante en linguistique, Militante féministe, Haïti
9. Geneviève Allard – Scientfique en environnement, Rimouski, QC, Canada
10. Jess Alley – TDEV Concordia University, Montreal QC, Canada
11. Gwendoline Allison – Foy Allison Law Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
12. Gisèle Ampleman – Membre du comité québécois de conscientisation, QC, Canada
13. Rachel Ariey-Jouglard – Gatineau, QC, Canada
14. Margaretha Aronson – Member of Fredrika Bremer Förbundet, Sweden
15. Association Femmes pour le Dire, Femmes pour Agir, France
16. Gertrud Åström – President, the Swedish Women’s Lobby
17. Kelsey Atkinson – Vancouver, BC, Canada
18. Ti-Grace Atkinson – Radical feminist, Cambridge, MA, United States
19. Nancy Aubé – Intervenante, Rouyn-Noranda, PQ, Canada
20. Michele Audette – President, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
21. Professor Constance Backhouse – B.A., LL.B., LL.M., LL.D. (HonsLSUC), LL.D. (Hons U Man), Distinguished University Professor and University Research Chair at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
22. Roxanne Badger – Bénévole GAP, Chateaugay, QC, Canada
23. Cenen M. Bagon – Vancouver Committee for Domestic Workers and Caregivers Rights, Vancouver, BC, Cana
24. Jane Bailey – B.A.S., M.I.R., LL.B., LL.M. Associate Professor, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
25. Iliana Balabanova-Stoicheva – Coordinator of Bulgarian Women’s Lobby, Bulgaria
26. Grace Balbutin – Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
27. Ilaria Baldini – Resistenza femminista, Italy
28. Sheila Ballantyne – PhD candidate, Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
29. Gabriela Delgado Ballesteros – Investigadora, Programa Universitario Derechos Humanos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
30. Ixtlan Pax Ballesteros – Azusa, CA, United States
31. Jose Krisanto Ballesteros – Manila, Philippines
32. Pauline Ballesteros – Azusa, CA, United States
33. Kat Banyard – UK Feminista, United Kingdom
34. Trisha Baptie – Formerly Exploited Voices Now Educating, Vancouver, BC, Canada
35. Paula Barber – Toronto, ON, Canada
36. Pauline Baril – Montréal, QC, Canada
37. Sharon Barnes – Student, Vancouver, BC, Canada
38. Cassandra Barnaby – Reception, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
39. Kathleen Barry – Ph.D. Sociologist, Professor Emerita, Author of: Female Sexual Slavery and Prostitution of Sexuality: Global Exploitation of Women, United States
40. Claudette Bastien – Présidente du Comité d’action contre la traite humaine interne et internationale, Infirmière semi-retraitée, Montréal, QC, Canada
41. Brigitte Martel Baussant – Secrétaire générale de la Coordination française pour le lobby européen des femmes
42. Suzanne Baustad – Immigration and Refugee Law Paralegal, Vancouver, BC, Canada
43. Rosalyn Baxandall – Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus, SUNY, Old Westbury (now CUNY Labor School), NY, United States
44. Rose Beatty – Member of University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada
45. Huguette Beauchamp, S.M. – Travailleuse sociale retraitée mais secrétaire au conseil général des srs. De miséricorde, QC, Canada
46. Julie Béchard – Centre Passerelle, Timmins, ON, Canada
47. Carole Bédard – QC, Canada
48. Hélène Bédard – QC, Canada
49. Louise Bégin – Montréal, QC, Canada
50. Professor Louise Bélanger Hardy LL.B., LL.M. – University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
51. Claire Bélanger – Saint-Nicolas, QC, Canada
52. Josée Bélisle – Intervenante communautaire, Amos, QC, Canada
53. Janine Benedet – LLB, LLM, SJD, Associate professor of Law, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
54. Axelle Beniey – coordinatrice de projet, Guadeloupe
55. Sophie Bennett – UK Feminista, United Kingdon
56. Annette Benoit – Montréal, QC, Canada
57. Josée Benoit – survivante et militante, Malartic, QC, Canada
58. Sarah Benson – Chief Executive Officer, Ruhama: Frontline service to women affected by prostitution and sex trafficking, Ireland
59. Summer-Rain Bentham – Squamish Nation, Front line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
60. Kristen Berg – Equality Now, New York, NY, United States
61. Samantha Berg – Journalist and organizer, Johnstompers.com, Portland, OR, United States
62. Marina Bergadano – Law Offices, Marina Bergadano & Co., Turin, Italy
63. Catie Bergeron – intervenante, CALACS, Charlevoix, QC, Canada
64. Jocelyne Bernatchez – Directrice des ventes, Amos, QC, Canada
65. Nicole Bernier – Animatrice provinciale, QC, Canada
66. Helene Berry – RN, Vancouver, BC, Canada
67. Christine Bickson – Vancouver, BC, Canada
68. Taina Bien Aime – Executive Director, Coalition Against the Trafficking in Women
69. Geneva Biggers – Women’s peer support group member, Vancouver, BC, Canada
70. Julie Bindel – Journalist, author and feminist campaigner, United Kingdom
71. Lucie Bilodeau – Aide-jardinière, Ste-Christine, QC, Canada
72. Rebecca Bishop – Vancouver, BC, Canada
73. Cécile Bisson – QC, Canada
74. Francine Blais – Retraitée en Service social et à mi-temps, coordonnatrice des Ami-e-s de la Famille Internationale de la Miséricorde, Montréal, QC, Canada
75. Nadine Blais – Enseignante au cégep de l’Outaouais, Travailleuse sociale de formation (niveau maitrise), Gatineau, QC, Canada
76. Stassy Blais – Étudiante en technique de travail social, Amos, QC, Canada
77. Annie Blouin – Intervenante sociale au CALACS, Granby, QC, Canada
78. Linda Boisclair – Responsable du comité de la condition féminine du Conseil central du Montréal métropolitain-CSN, Longueuil, QC, Canada
79. Pierrette Boissé – Responsable du dossier sur la traite humaine à la Congrégation de Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC, Canada
80. Gabrielle Boissonneault – Intervenante, Rouyn-Noranda, PQ, Canada
81. Annick Boissonneault – travailleuse sociale, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
82. Sophie Bolduc – Stagiaire au CALCS de Chateauguay, Montréal, QC, Canada=
83. Antonia Bonito – Turin Municipality Police Force, Turin, Italy
84. Bernard Bosc – Réseau féministe “Ruptures”, QC, Canada
85. Claudia Bouchard – travaille au quotidien avec des femmes qui ont été dans la prostitution, Montréal, QC, Canada
86. Diane Bouchard – Retraitée, Charlevoix, QC, Canada
87. France Boucher – Avocate et chargée de cours à l’UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
88. Boucher, Mahara – ASETS Adminstrative Assistant, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
89. Nadjet Bouda – Responsable administrative à la Concertation des luttes contre l’exploitation sexuelle, Étudiante à la maitrise en science politique à l’UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
90. Claudie Bougon-Guibert – Conseil national des femmes françaises
91. Carole Boulebsol – Sociologue Ma., Montréal, QC, Canada
92. Mary-Lee Bouma – Resist Exploitation, Embrace Dignity (REED), Vancouver, BC, Canada
93. Ginette Bourdon – Infirmière retraitée, Brossard, QC, Canada
94. Jeannine Bourget – Animatrice, Montréal, QC, Canada
95. Nadine Bouteilly-Dupont – President, Libres Mariannes, LMS, Member of the European Women Lobby
96. Lise Bouvet – Gender Studies Researcher, Switzerland
97. Susan B. Boyd – F.R.S.C. Professor, Chair in Feminist Legal Studies Faculty of Law at Allard Hall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
98. Christine Boyle – Professor Emeritus States, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
99. Professor Karen Boyle – Chair in Feminist Media Studies, University of Stirling, UK 100.Easton Branam – Seattle, WA, United States
101. Valérie Brancquart – Québec, QC, Canada
102. Chantal Brassard – Intervenante sociale au CALACS, Granby, QC, Canada 103.Marie-Claude Brault – QC, Canada
104. Annick Brazeau – Travailleuse sociale, Baccalauréat en travail social, Diplôme d’études collégiales en techniques policières, Certificat universitaire en développement international, Étudiante à la maîtrise en travail social
105. Hélène Brazeau – Professeure au cégep de l’Outaouais, Maîtrise en psychoéducation de l’UQO, Cantley, QC, Canada
106. Cathy Brennan – Gender Identity Watch, United States
107. Janie Breton – Féministe, QC, Canada
108. Judith Bridge – Vancouver, BC, Canada
109. Elizabeth Briemberg – Retired Supreme Court of BC Family Conciliator, Burnaby, BC, Canada
110. Dr. Gwen Brodsky – LLB, LLm, PhD, Distinguished Visiting Scholar, Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
111. Pascale Brosseau – Intervenante, Lévis, QC, Canada
112. Cleta Brown – LLB, LLM, member of University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada 113.Kimberly Brown – Equality Now, Nairobi, Kenya
114. Nancy Brown – SC, OBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
115. Alma Bulawan – President, BUKLOD Survivors’ Group, Olongapo, Philippines 116.Autumn Burris – Survivors for Solutions, United States
117. Twiss Butler – Member Abolish Prostitution Now Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW International), National Organization for Women, United States
118. Dr. Shauna Butterwick – Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
119. Elizabeth Cahill – St John’s, NL, Canada
120. Laure Caille – General Secretary, Libres Mariannes, LMS, Member of the European Women Lobby 121.Serena Caldarone – Resistenza Femminista, Italy
122. Tulsi Callichum – Bénévole GAP, Chateauguay, QC, Canada
123. Callie Fleeger – Student, Talent, OR, United States
124. Associate Professor Angela Cameron BA, LLB, LLM, PhD – University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
125. Annie Campbell – Director, Women’s Aid Federation, Northern Ireland
126. Laura Capuzzo – Gruppo Femminile Plurale, Italy
127. Marie-Josée Carbonneau – Agente de sécurité, Amos, QC, Canada
128. Elda Carly – Équipes d’Action Contre le Proxénétisme, Paris, France
129. Chantale Caron – Agricultrice, St-Roch-de-Richelieu, QC, Canada
130. Chiara Carpita – Resistenza femminista, Italy
131. Francesca Carpita – Italy
132. Melina Caudo – Executive Director, Associazione Progettarsì, Turin, Italy
133. Carole Cayer – Intervenante, CALACS de Chateauguay, Mercier, QC, Canada
134. Ida Centola – Avigliana, Italy
135. Martha Centola – Vice President, Associazione Iroko Onlus, Turin, Italy
136. Pat Cervelli – Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Tuolumne, CA, United States
137. Gaétane Chabot – Saint-Laurent-de-l’île-d’Orléans, QC, Canada
138. Maude Chalvin – Chargée de projet intersectionnalité et agente de communication RQCALACS, Montréal, PQ, Canada
139. Yuly Chan – Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
140. Jaclyn Chang – MA, Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
141. Elaine Charkowski – United States
142. Emmanuelle Charlebois – Action ontarienne contre la violence faite aux femmes Ottawa, ON, Canada
143. Alexandra Charles – Ordförande, Stockholm, Sweden
144. Vanessa Chase – Board Member, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
145. Christiana Cheng – PhD, Vancouver, BC, Canada
146. Gaétane Chénier – Intervenante communautaire, Amos, QC, Canada
147. Missy Chirprin – Radio Host/Producer, United States.
148. Youngsook Cho – Korean Women’s Association United, South Korea
149. Jomini Chu – Vancouver, BC, Canada
150. Kim Chu – University of Calgary Nursing, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
151. Mélanie Clément – Action ontarienne contre la violence faite aux femmes Ottawa, ON, Canada
152. Christina Clément – femme, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
153. Karen Cody – President of the Board of Directors for The Organization for Prostitution Survivors, Seattle, WA, United States
154. Mylène Collin – Intervenante, Québec, QC, Canada
155. Jennifer Conkie – Vancouver, BC, Canada
156. Conseil national des femmes françaises
157. Coordination française pour le lobby européen des femmes
158. Lynda Coplin – retired teacher, Surrey, BC, Canada
159. Jeannine Cornellier – SNJM, Association des religieuses pour les Droits des femmes, Montréal, QC, Canada
160.Luce Côté – Montréal, QC, Canada
161. Madeleine Côté – Montréal, QC, Canada
162. Véronique Couillard – Intervenante, CALACS Charlevoix, Charlevoix, PQ, Canada
163. Kelly Coulter – Drug Policy Advocate, Ottawa, ON, Canada
164. Dr. Maddy Coy – Reader in Sexual Exploitation and Gender Equality, London Metropolitan University, UK
165. Larissa Crack – Northern Women’s Connection, Canada
166. Annie Crepin – France
167. Maisie Faith J. Dagapioso – Woman Health Philippines, Zamboanga City
168. Madeleine Dagenais – Action ontarienne contre la violence faite aux femmes Ottawa, ON, Canada
169. Octavia Dahl – United States
170. Florence Daigneault – Montréal, QC, Canada
171. Lucie Daigneault – Comptable à l’administration locale de la Maison mère des Soeurs de Miséricorde, Laval, QC, Canada
172. Mathilde Darton – Intervenante, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
173. Mélissa Dauphin – Artiste engagée, Montréal, QC, Canada
174. Jo-Anne David – Centre Colibri, Barrie, ON, Canada
175. Stephanie Davies-Arai – United Kingdom.
176. Shelagh Day – CM, Director, Poverty and Human Rights Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
177. Docteure Michèle Dayras – présidente de SOS sexisme, France
178. Aurora Javate De Dios – Executive Director, Women and Gender Institute, Miriam College, Philippines
179. Blathnaid de Faoite – Daughter of a survivor of prostitution, Ireland
180. Mia de Faoite – Survivor of Prostitution & Philosophy student at The National University of Ireland, Ireland
181. Yolande de La Bruère – Montréal, QC, Canada
182. Mary DeFusco – Esq. Director of Training and Recruitment, Defender Association of Philadelphia, United States
183. Veronica DeLorme – BA, MA, Retired, Vancouver, BC, Canada
184. Yvette Delorme – Montréal, QC, Canada
185. Theresa Delory – QC, Canada
186. Christiane Delteil – Présidente d’honneur du CIDFF 34, Membre du CT de l’Amicale du Nid “La babotte”, Montpellier, France
187. Line Demers – Adjointe administrative, Diplôme de commis-comptable, Maison d’hébergement pour elles des Deux Vallées, QC, Canada
188. Kim Deniger – Policière, DEC en Techniques Policières, Gatineau, QC, Canada
189.Amelia Denny-Keys – Student, Langley, BC, Canada
190. Linda Denny – MSW, RSW, Langley, BC, Canada
191. Annie Denoncourt – Criminologue, Intervenante jeunesse, Ste-Brigitte-des-Saults, QC, Canada
192. Anastasia DeRosa – Front line crisis worker, Vancouver Rape Relief & Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
193. Claire Desaint – Vice-President, Réussir l’égalité femmes-hommes, France=
194. Francine Descarries – Ph.D, Professeure et Directrice scientifique du Réseau québécois en études féministes (RéQEF) UQAM, Montreal, QC, Canada
195. Lise Desrochers – Éducatrice retraitée, Ville de Québec, QC, Canada
196. Tamar Dina – Music Liberatory, Halifax, NS, Canada
197. Dr. Gail Dines – Professor of Sociology, Wheelock College, Boston, MA, United States
198. Carmen Dion – Intervenante, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
199. Françoise Dion – Donnacona, QC, Canada
200. Christine Dionne – Employée du gouvernement du Canada – école de la fonction du Canada, Spécialiste en apprentissage et en développement, Baccalauréat en éducacion de l’anglais langue seconde de l’UQAM, Diplôme d’éducation aux adultes du Collège de Vancouver, Diplôme de business administration du Collège de Kingston, ON, Canada
201. Dr. Peggy Dobbins – Port Lavaca, TX, United States
202. Winifred Doherty – Good Shepherd Sister and NGO representative to the United Nations
203. Isabelle Dostie, intervenante CALACS, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
204. Francine Doucette – Secrétaire et aussi amie dans la famille internationale de la miséricorde, St-Eustache, QC, Canada
205. Siméon Doucette – Retraité de la compagnie Bell canada et ami dans la fam. Int. De la miséricorde, St-Eustache, QC, Canada
206. Jennifer Drew – Consultant to Scottish Women Against Pornography, United Kingdom
207. Marie Drouin – Militante et survivante de la prostitution, Montréal, QC, Canada
208. Laurie Drummond – Member of University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada
209. Kim Dubé – Action ontarienne contre la violence faite aux femmes Ottawa, ON, Canada
210. Geneviève Duché – présidente de l’Amicale du Nid, France
211. Micheline Dufour – Retraitée, Charlevoix, PQ, Canada
212. Rose Dufour – Anthropologue, Directrice générale et fondatrice de la Maison De Marthe, QC, Canada
213. Caroline Dufresne – intervenante CALACS, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
214. Nathalie Duhamel – Coordonnatrice RQCALACS, Montréal, PQ, Canada
215. Monique Dumais – O.S.U., Coordonnatrice pour l’association des religieuses pour les
216. Droits des femmes, ARDF
217. Claudette Dumont-Smith – Executive Director, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
218. Caryn Duncan – MA, Vancouver, BC, Canada 219.Catherine Dunne – Act to Prevent Trafficking, Ireland
220. Lyne Duplain – Intervenante CALACS Charlevoix, Charlevoix, PQ, Canada
221. Arianne Duplessis – Montréal, QC, Canada
222. Genevieve Dupuis – Travailleuse sociale CALACS de l’Outaouais, BAC en travail social, Aylmer, QC, Canada
223. Ilaria Durigon – Gruppo Femminile Plurale, Italy
224. Lotte Kristine Dysted – Praktikant hos Danners videncenter, NGO Danner, Denmark
225. Eaves For Women, United Kingdom
226. Anna Edman – Sweden
227. Dele Edokpayi – Esq., Dele Edokpayi and Co Law Chambers, Benin City, Nigeria
228. Teresa Edwards – B.A., JD. Director, International Affairs and Human Rights, In-House Legal Counsel, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
229. Gunilla S. Ekberg – Former special advisor on prostitution and human trafficking to the Swedish government, human rights lawyer, Canada and Sweden
230. F. Elodie Ekobena – Agente de pastorale sociale Villeray, Montréal, QC, Canada
231. Vera Chigbufue Elue – Legal Counsel, Chicago Municipality Law Office, Chicago, United States
232. Fiona Elvines – Operations Coordinator, Rape & Sexual Support Centre Croydon, UK
233. Jean Enriquez – Executive Director, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Asia Pacific
234. Priscilla Eppinger – Associate Professor of Religion, Chairperson of the Peace Studies Committee at Graceland University, United States
235. Carla Francesca Erie – Linguiste, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
236. Professor Maria Eriksson – Professor of Social Work, School for Health, Care, and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Sweden
237. Dr. Elizabeth Evans – Lecturer in Politics, University of Bristol, UK
238. Jimena Eyzaguirre – M.Sc., M.R.M. Senior Climate Change Specialist, ESSA Technologies Ltd. Ottawa Chapter Co-chair, Canada-Mathare Education Trust
239. Natasha Falle – SEXTRADE101, ON, Canada
240. Melissa Farley – Ph.D., Prostitution Research & Education, San Francisco, CA, United States 241.Danielle Fay – BAA, Thérapeute en santé globale et naturelle, St-Alfred, QC, Canada
242. Madeleine Ferland – Criminologue, Cowansville, QC, Canada
243. Elizabetta Ferrero – Turin, Italy
244. Suzanna Finley – Equality Now, New York, NY, United States
245. Mia Finn – Mother, Langley, BC, Canada
246. Jean Fong – Frontline anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief & Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
247. Janick Fontaine – Intervenante sensibilisation, Technicienne en travail social, Thurso, QC, Canada
248. Suzanne Fortier – militante, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
249.Mireille Fortin – Montréal, QC, Canada
250. Nicole Fortin – Retraitée, Charlevoix, PQ, Canada
251. Valérie Fortin – infirmière clinicienne, Brossard, QC, Canada
252. Nicole Fouché – Présidente de Réussir l’égalité femmes-hommes, Cherchs associée, CNRS, Céna-mascipo-EHESS, Paris, France
253. Isabelle Fournier – Intervenante, CALACS de Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
254.Monique Fournier – Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, QC, Canada
255. Lindsey Fox – Victoria, BC, Canada
256. Kirsty Foy – Foy Allison Law Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
257. Maggie Fredette – Coordonnatrice intervention CALACS, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada
258. Frappier, Julie – travailleuse CALACS, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
259. Lina Fucà – Turin, Italy
260. Colleen Fuller – Vancouver, BC, Canada
261. Carolyne Gagné – Professeur, Granby, QC, Canada
262. Émilie Gagnon – Infographe, Valleyfield, QC, Canada
263. Gabrielle Gagnon – Ottawa, ON, Canada
264. Jocelyne Gagnon – Retraitée, Charlevoix, PQ, Canada
265. Marielle Gagnon – Montréal, QC, Canada
266. Mariette Gagnon – Montréal, QC, Canada
267. Michèle Garceau – Citoyenne, Lachine, QC, Canada
268. Joane Garon – Intervenante CALACS de Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
269. Elizabeth Gautchi – Med, member of University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada
270. Chantal Gauthier – Auxilière aux familles à domicile, Montréal, QC, Canada
271.Noga Gayle – PhD, member of University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada
272.Angela Gbemisola – United Kingdom
273.Yolande Geadah – Author, Montreal, QC, Canada
274. Monina Geaga – Secretary-General, SARILAYA, Philippines
275. Jenny Geng – Burnaby, BC, Canada
276. Mylène Geoffroy – Intervenante communautaire, Saint-Jean-de-Matha, QC, Canada
277. Carol Giardina – Asst Professor, History Dept. Queens College, NY, United States
278. Lucia Giffi – Turin, Italy
279. Lise Giguère – QC, Canada
280. Marcella Gilardoni – Gilardoni Law Offices, Turin, Italy
281. Associate Professor Daphne Gilbert BA, LLB, LLM – University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
282. Dr. Aisha K. Gill – Reader in Criminology, University of Roehampton, UK
283. Marie-Chanel Gillier – New Delhi, India
284. Jay Ginn – Older Feminists Network, United Kingdom
285. Rosanna Giorgietti – Italy
286. France Giroux – Coiffeuse, Granby, QC, Canada
287. Phyllis Giroux – S.C., M.A.(J), Kelowna, BC, Canada
288. Catriona Gold – Executive Member CUPE 2278, Vancouver, BC, Canada
289. Irene Goodwin – Director, Evidence to Action, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
290. Sonya Grenier – intervenante CALACS, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
291. Leah Gruenpeter Gold – PhD Philosophy Dept. Tel Aviv University, Israel
292. Tamara Gorin – Port Moody, BC, Canada
293. Leanore Gough – Front line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
294. Francine Gravel – Réceptioniste à l’Infirmerie de la Maison mère des Soeurs de Miséricorde, Terrebonne, QC, Canada
295. Arlana Green – Victim Services Support worker, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
296. Samantha Grey – Front line anti-violence worker, Vancouver, BC, Canada
297. Élaine Grisé – Montréal, QC, Canada
298. Associate Professor Vanessa Gruben B.Sc.H, LLB, LLM – University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
299. Catherine Guay-Quirion – Étudiante universitaire à temps plein, Amos, QC, Canada
300. Julie Guibord – Intervenante, CALACS de Chateauguay, Valleyfield, QC, Canada
301. Joana Guillaume – Professeure de philosophie, Études juridiques, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
302. Susanna Gulin – Finland
303. Bernadette Gullion – Educator, BC, Canada
304. Jacqueline Gullion – MA, Vancouver, BC, Canada
305. Czarina M. Gutierrez – B.A., BC, Canada
306. Irit Hakim – Safe World for Women, United Kingdom, Correspondent in Israel
307. Francine Hamel – Retraitée, Diplômes de Maîtrise en littérature et Maîtrise en éducation (counselling de carrière), QC, Canada
308. Nicole Hamel – coordonnatrice, CALACS, Lac-à-la-Tortue, PQ, Canada
309. Carol Hanisch – Editor, MeetingGroundOnLine.org, Ellenville, NY, United States
310. Joyce Harris – Chair Sisters of St. Ann B. C. Social Justice Committee, BC, Canada
311. Jayme Hass – Junior Policy Analyst / Researcher, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Arnprior, ON
312. Karah Hawkins – Victim Advocate CEASE, Edmonton, AB, Canada
313. Katherine Hébert-Metthé – Consultante sur l’hypersexualisation, Montréal, QC, Canada
314. Orla Hegarty – NL, Canada
315. Hanne Helth – Board Member, Danish Women’s Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
316. Terrie Hendrickson – Vancouver, BC, Canada
317. Cathryn Henley – President, Canadian Federation of University Women Cranbrook Club, Cranbrook, BC, Canada
318. Céline Héon – Montréal, QC, Canada
319. Loralie Hettler – Vancouver, BC, Canada
320. Mary Honeyball – Member of the European Parliament, United Kingdom
321. Christine Honor – Australia
322. Myriam Houde – Criminologue au Service de police de la Ville de Gatineau, Gatineau, QC, Canada
323. Bernett Huang – Archival Studies, Fu Ren University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
324. Jade Hudon – QC, Canada
325. Donna M. Hughes – B.S., M.S., Ph.D. Professor & Carlson Endowed Chair, Gender & Women’s Studies Program, University of Rhode Island, United States
326. Charlotta Huldt-Ramberg – Member of the board or the UN Women National Committee, Sweden
327. Jacqui Hunt – Equality Now, London, United Kingdom
328. Patricia Hynes – Retired Professor of Environmental Health, Boston University and Director, Traprock Center for Peace and Justice, Greenfield, MA, United States
329. Valentina Iamotti – Resistenza femminista, Italy
330. Chantal Ismé – Organisatrice communautaire à la Concertation des luttes contre l’exploitation sexuelle, Montréal, QC, Canada
331. Ghada Jabbour – KAFA (enough) Violence & Exploitation, Lebanon
332. Professor Martha Jackman – LL.B., LL.M., L.S.M. Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada 333.Cynthia Jacques – Intervenante, Rouyn-Noranda, PQ, Canada
334. Suzanne Jay – MA, Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada 335. Patricia Jean – Linguiste, Féministe, Haïti
336. Rhéa Jean – Ph. D in Philosophy (Laval University), Postdoctoral fellow at the
337. University of Luxembourg
338. Kimberly Jerome – Bookkeeper, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
339. Sonya Johal – BSc, Surrey, BC, Canada
340. Lone Alice Johansen – Head of Information, The Secretariat of the Shelter Movement, Oslo, Norway
341. Hedwig Johl – NGO in special consultative status with ECOSOC, Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd
342. Natasha Johnson – Graphic Designer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
343. Guðrún Jónsdóttir – talskona Stígamóta, Stígamótum, Reykjavík, Iceland
344. Valerie Judge – MBA, Management Consultant, Ireland
345. Justice for Girls, Vancouver, BC, Canada
346. Ludmila Karabaciska – Étudiante à l’Université Concordia, Applied human science, Montréal, QC, Canada
347. Annpôl Kassis – Paris, France
348. Soka Handinah Katjasungkana – LBH-Apik, Semarang, Indonesia
349. Ranjit Kaur – Ex Magistrate, ex-Director of Rights of Women UK, Lawyer, United Kingdom 350.Roisin Kelly – Ireland
351. Helen Kelsey – Status of Women Committee, Surrey Teachers Association, Surrey, BC, Canada
352. Marilyn Kempf – Équipes d’Action Contre le Proxénétisme, Paris, France
353. Hilla Kerner – Front line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
354. K. Kilbride – Surrey, BC, Canada
355. Jennifer Kim – BA Philosophy, Vancouver, BC, CanadA 356.Morgan King – Australia
357. Ann Kirkey – Toronto, ON, Canada
358. Antonia Kirkland – Equality Now, New York, United States
359. Daisy Kler – Front line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
360. Dr. Renate Klien – Spinifex Press, Australia
361. Donée-Maude Kobin – Intervenante, Rouyn-Noranda, PQ, Canada 362.Patsy Kolesar – Vancouver, BC, Canada
363.Donna Christie Kolkey – member of University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada 364.Monica Krake – Communications Director, Vancouver, BC, Canada
365. Izabela Krekora – Manager of fund development, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
366. Cathrine Linn Kristiansen – Norway
367. Leanne Kwan – PharmD, Vancouver, BC, Canada 368.Renée Labrie – St-Jean-de-l’île-d’Orléans, QC, Canada
369.Sophie Labrie – Intervenante sociale au CALACS, Bromont, QC, Canada 370.Maryse Lafleur – QC, Canada
371. Isabelle Lafontaine – Étudiante au doctorat en travail social à l’Université de Montréal, Auxiliaire de recherche, Intervenante à l’association des familles monoparentales et recomposées de l’Outaouais, Professeure à la cité collégiale aux programmes de techniques de travail social et d’éducation spécialisée, Gatineau, QC, Canada
372. Judy Lafontaine, intervenante, CALACS, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
373. Allison Laing – BA, Vancouver, BC, Canada
374. Jennifer E. Laing – RN, BScN, Vancouver, BC, Canada
375. Monique, S.M. Lallier – Supérieure générale de l’Institut des Soeurs de miséricorde de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
376. Lee Lakeman – Women’s rights advocate, Vancouver, BC, Canada
377. Ève Lamont – Réalisatrice, Montréal, QC, Canada
378. Nancy Langlois – Action ontarienne contre la violence faite aux femmes Ottawa, ON, Canada
379. Catherine Lapointe – Canada
380. Ghislaine Laporte – S.N.J.M., QC, Canada
381. Marai Larasi – MBE, M.A. Executive Director, Imkaan, UK
382. Marilyn Larocque – R.H.S.J. Kingston, ON, Canada
383. Myriam Larocque – Intervenante, Étudiante, Montréal, QC, Canada
384. Trine Porret Randahl Larsen – President, Women’s Council in Denmark (Kvinderådet)
385. Gemma Laser – Belfast, ME, United States
386. Widlande Laurol – Linguiste, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
387. Claudia Lavigueur – Intervenante, CALACS de Chateauguay, Ste-Clotilde, QC, Canada
388. Marie-Josée Lavoie – Secrétaire-administratrice RQCALACS, Montréal, PQ, Canada
389. Katherine B. Lawrence – J.D. Member, Board of Directors, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
390. Annette Lawson – Chair, the National alliance of Women’s Organizations, United Kingdom
391. M. Paule Lebel – Membre de la coordination du Québec de la marche mondiale des femmes, QC, Canada
392. Aurélie Lebrun, PhD – QC, Canada
393. Marie-Paule Lebrun – Montréal, QC, Canada
394. Brigitte Lechenr – Woman, United Kingdom
395. Patricia Leclair – Militante, Montréal, QC, Canada
396. Marie Lecomte – Vice President, Libres Mariannes, LMS, Member of the European Women Lobby
397. Alice Lee – Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
398. Jessica Lee – Front-line Crisis Worker, Vancouver, BC, Canada
399. Young Sun Lee – Vancouver, BC, Canada
400. Éliane Legault-Roy – Responsable des communications à la Concertation des luttes contre l’exploitation sexuelle, Maitrise en science politique, Montréal, QC, Canada
401. Dorchen A. Leidholdt – Director, Center for Battered Women’s Legal Services, Sanctuary for Families, New York
402. Ronitin Lentin – University Professor, Ireland
403. Barbara Leon – Watsonville, CA, United States
404. Carla Lesh – Kingston, NY, United States
405. Constance Létourneau – Membre du Comité de Montréal contre la traite des personnes, QC, Canada
406. Guilaine Levesque – Coordonnatrice CALACS, Baie-Comeau, PQ, Canada
407.Lévesque, Sandra – intervenante CALACS, Val d’Or, QC, Canada
408. Jacqueline Lewis – Emergency Medical Technician & Front line crisis worker at Vancouver Rape Relief & Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
409. Maureen Lewis – Red Deer, AB, Canada
410. Raïssa Leyan’Simbi – Action ontarienne contre la violence faite aux femmes Ottawa, ON, Canada
411. Jytte Lindgaard – Lawyer, member of The Danish National Observatory on Violence Against Women
412. Linklater, Sheila – Director of Finance, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
413. Pak Ka Liu – Victim Services Medical Support Worker, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
414. Josée Longchamps – Thérapeute, Tingwick, QC, Canada
415. Letizia Longo – Accountant, Turin, Italy
416. Marissa Lorenz – Colorado, United States
417. Lovely Jean Louis – Mémorante en lingUnited Statesitique et en études juridiques, Militante féministe, Haïti
418. Laura L. Lovett – Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
419. Brenda Lucke – RN, BSN, BA, GNC(C), Langley, BC, Canada
420. Emma Luke – Occupational Therapist, Australia
421. Nathalie Lussier – Secrétaire-comptable, Granby, QC, Canada
422. Ilaria Maccaroni – Resistenza femminista, Italy
423. Linda MacDonald – Persons Against NST, Canada
424. Ainsley MacGregor – Front-line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
425. R. MacKenzie – Feminist campaigner, Scotland
426. Alison Luke – Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
427. Eliana Maestri – Feminist Group, Birmingham, UK
428. Dr. Arianna Maffiotti – Turin Local Health Services, Moncalieri (TO), Italy
429.Sarah M. Mah – BSc, Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
430. Grace Malkihara – Vancouver, BC, Canada
432. Sylvie Mantha – Chef Division recherche, développement et stratégie organisationnelle du Service de police de Gatineau, Gatineau, QC, Canada
433.Maude Marcaurelle – Intervenante sociale, Grenville-sur-la-Rouge, QC, Canada
434. Berthe Marcotte – Montréal, QC, Canada
435. Louise Marcotte – Survivante, Montréal, QC, Canada
436. Malka Marcovich – Historian and feminist writer, International consultant, Paris, France
437. Lorna Martin – Executive Assistant, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
438. Angela Martinez – TTS, Coordonatrice des services d’interventions du Calacs francophone d’Ottawa, ON, Canada
439. Virginia Martinez – Burnaby, BC, Canada
440. Annalise Masear-Gough – Vancouver, BC, Canada
441. Kristine Massey – Lecturer in Criminal Psychology, Canterbury Christchurch University, UK
442. Maureen Master – Human Rights Lawyer, United States
443. Ane Mathieson – Fulbright Fellow & Staff with the Organization for Prostitution Survivors, Seattle, Unites States
444. Jade Mathieu – Intervenante CALACS de Chateauguay, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
445. Andrea Matolcsi – Equality Now, London, UK
446. Diane Matte – Activiste féministe, Concertation des luttes contre l’exploitation sexuelle, Montréal, QC, Canada
447. Maria Grazia Mauti – Resistenza femminista, Italy
448. Paula May – Experte en ressources humaines, Montréal, QC, Canada
449. Philippe Mayer – Géomaticien, Montréal, PQ, Canada
450. Paola Mazzei – Resistenza femminista, Italy
451. Dr. Melanie McCarry – Guild Senior Research Fellow, Connect Centre for International Research on Gender and Harm, University of Central Lancashire, UK
452. Geraldine McCarthy – Act to Prevent Trafficking, Ireland
453. Annie McCombs – Kalamazoo, MI, United States
454. Maureen McGowan – New York, NY, United States
455. Sheila McIntyre – Retired Professor of Law, University of Ottawa; specializing in Constitutional and Human Rights Law, Ottawa, ON, Canada
456. Caitlin McKellar – Board Member, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
457. Myriam Meilleur – Stagiaire, CALACS Chateauguay, QC, Canada
458. Chiara Melloni – Gruppo Femminile Plurale, Italy
459. Émilie Mercier-Roy – Survivante de la prostitution et co-fondatrice du Gîte L’Autre porte, Val-d’Or, QC, Canada
460. Gunhild Mewes – Germany
461. Nancy J. Meyer – Hyattsville, MD, United States
462. Ashley Milbury – MA, Front line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
463. Michelle Miller – DMin, Resist Exploitation, Embrace Dignity, Vancouver, BC, Canada
464. Jodie Millward – MCP, CCC, Aboriginal Family Counselor, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
465. Suzy Mingus – Accountant, Vancouver, BC, Canada
466. Shiloh Minor – Teacher, Vancouver, BC, Canada
467. Phyllis Minsky – Teacher and Aboriginal Advocate, Queen Elizabeth Secondary School, Surrey, BC, Canada
468. Kathy Miriam – PhD, Brooklyn, NY, United States
469. Adrienne Montani – Child Rights Advocate, Vancouver, BC, Canada
470. Rachel Moran – Founding Member of SPACE International (Survivors of Prostitution-Abuse Calling for Enlightenment), Ireland
471. Magdala Moreau – Mémorante en linguistique, Militante féministe, Haïti
472. Marthe Moreau – Montréal, QC, Canada
473. Michele Morek – PhD. UNANIMA International Inc. an ECOSOC-accredited NGO of the United Nations
474. Rachael Morgan – Student, Australia
475. Émilie Morin-Rivest – Intervenante à la maison d’hébergement pour elles des deux vallées, Gatineau, QC, Canada
476. Julie Charbonneau Morin – Éducatrice spécialisée, Montréal, QC, Canada
477. Marcelle Morin – QC, Canada
478. Nathalie Morin – Commis comptable, Amos, QC, Canada
479. Libby Morrison – United Kingdom
480. Françoise Morvan – Vice-présidente de la Coordination française pour le lobby européen des femmes
481. Dr. Helen Mott – Bristol Fawcett, United Kingdom
482. Rebecca Mott – Survivor of indoor prostitution, United Kingdom
483. Jeanne Françoise Mouè – La Maison, Toronto, ON, Canada
484. Debs Munn – Refugee Settlement Worker, Vancouver, BC, Canada
485. Lily Munroe – Women’s rights advocate and abolitionist, Australia
486. Meghan Murphy – Journalist, Canada
487. Jeannine Nadeau – Infirmière, Ville de Québec, QC, Canada
488. Marie-Michelle Nault – Survivante, Montréal, QC, Canada
489. Amy Nahwegahbow – Senior Policy Analyst/ Researcher, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON
490. Ana Maria R. Nemenzo – National Coordinator, Woman Health Philippines
491. Frederica Newell – Ireland
492. Donna-Marie Newfield – Therapist, Canada
493. Kendra Newman – Heiltsuk Nation, front line anti-violence worker, Burnaby, BC, Canada
494.Liette Nobert – Montréal, QC, Canada
495. Clare Nolan – Srs of the Good Shepherd, New York, NY, United States
496. Celia Nord – Archaeologist, Lee Creek, BC, Canada
497. Jane Norlund – Norway
498. Dr. Caroline Norma – Lecturer in Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Australia
499. Ana Novakovic – Front-line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief & Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
500. Zdenka Novakovic – Burnaby, BC, Canada
501. Daniella Nunes-Taveira – Intervenante à la maison d’amitié – télécommunications à l’hôpital d’Ottawa, Technique de réadaptation et de justice pénale et présentement à l’université en criminologie, Ottawa, ON, Canada
502. Dr. Monica O’Connor – Independent Researcher, Ireland
503. Maura O’Donohue – Doctor, Ireland
504. Aibhlín O’Leary – Anti-Trafficking Project Coordinator Immigrant Council of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
505. Katrin Öberg – Sweden
506. Lis Ehmer Olesen – Board member of the Women’s Council and The Danish National Observatory on Violence Against Women, Denmark
507. Catherine Olivier – Enseignante au collegial, Montréal, PQ, Canada
508. Maren Ollman – Turin, Italy
509. Kajsa Olsson – Sweden
510. Alina Olszewska – Turin, Italy
511. Blessing Osatohanmwen – Turin, Italy
512. Sonia Ossorio – President, National Organization for Women, New York, NY, United States
513. Oti Anukpe Ovrawah – Director, Nigerian Human Rights Commission, Abuja, Nigeria
514. Angel Love Owens – Perth, Australia
515. Geneviève Pagé – Phd, Professeure de science politique à l’UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
516. Karina Painchaud – QC, Canada
517. Celeste Pang – Freelance Bookkeeper, Vancouver, BC, Canada 518.Marie-Noël Paradis – Intervenante, Québec, PQ, Canada
519. Monique Paradis – Enseignante retraitée, QC, Canada
520. María Paredes – Student, Vancouver, BC, Canada
521. So Eyun Park – BMLSc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
522. Maggie Parks – Chief Executive, Women’s Rape and Sexual Abuse Centre, Cornwall, UK
523. Giulia Parm – Turin, Italy
524. Carla Pastorino – Genova, Italy
525. Kim Pate – Executive Director, Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies, Ottawa, ON, Canada
526. Niovi Patsicakis – B.Ed, M.Ed., Special Education Consultant, SENG-trained facilitator, Canada
527. Yolaine Paul – Responsable de bibliothèque, Études administratives et comptable, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
528. Sokie Paulin – Glendale, CA, United States
529. Françoise Pellerin – Montréal, QC, Canada
530. Gisèle Pellerin – Montréal, QC, Canada
531. Céline Pelletier – Maison Interlude, Hawkesbury, ON, Canada 532.Lise Perras – Montréal, QC, Canada
533. Julie-Anne Perrault – Féministe, Montréal, QC, Canada
534. Nathalie Perreault – Travailleuse culturelle et féministe (abolitionniste), Montréal, QC, Canada
535. Bridget Perrier – SexTrade101, ON, Canada
536. Marisa Perrone – Turin, Italy 537.Dr. Jenny Petrak – MSc, PsychD
538. Heidi Petrak – Msc. Nursing Professor, BC, Canada
539. Gaëtane Pharand – Centre Victoria, Sudbury, ON, Canada
540. Jacqueline Picard – QC, Canada
541. Stéphanie Picard – Intervenante, Rouyn-Noranda, PQ, Canada
542. Elizabeth A. Pickett – LL.M, ON, Canada
543. Ellen Pilcher – Activist & Writer, United Kingdom
544. Candice Pilgrim – Lawyer, Belleville, ON, Canada
545. Maudy Piot – Présidente de l’Association Femmes Pour le Dire, Femmes pour Agir, France
546.Kathleen Piovesan – Ph.D. Candidate, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
547. Marie-Christine Plante – Ph.D. candidate sociology, UQAM, Montreal, QC, Canada
548. Anne Plourde – Doctorante en science politique UQAM, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, PQ, Canada
549. Dianne Post – Attorney, Phoenix Women Take Back the Night, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
550. Monique Potin – Bibliothécaire et féministe, Val-d’Or, QC, Canada
551. Claudette Poupart – Retraitée, Boucherville, PQ, Canada
552. Brittney Powell – Feminist, BA, Nelson, BC, Canada
553. Jalysha Pratap – Vancouver, BC, Canada
554. Colette Price – Midwife, Feminist, NY, United States
555. Dr. Helen Pringle – School of Social Sciences UNSW, Sydney, Australia
556. Claudia Quendo – Turin, Italy
557. Marielle Quenneville – Montréal, QC, Canada
558. Suzanne Quinn – Réseau femmes sud-ouest, Sarnia, ON, Canada
559. Chanelle Ram – Feminist nursing student, Vancouver, BC, Canada
560. Claudia Ramirez – Bénévole GAP, Chateauguay, QC, Canada
561. Sandra Ramos – Founder/Executive Director, Strengthen Our Sisters, Shelter and Advocacy for homeless/battered women and children, NJ, United States
562. Natalie Ranspot – BA, Vancouver, BC, Canada
563. Jody Raphael – Visiting Professor of Law, Depaul University, United States
564. Anne Rasmussen – LivaRehab, Denmark
565. Christelle Raspolini – Présidente du comité Ni putes ni soumises de Guadeloupe, Le gosier, Guadeloupe
566. Janice G. Raymond – Professor Emerita of Women’s Studies and Medical Ethics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
567. Anyta Raymond – Reviseur, Cowansville, QC, Canada
568. Anber Raz – Equality Now, London, UK
569. Sarah Mélodie Razafintsehere – Bénévole GAP, Chateauguay, QC, Canada
570. Jennifer Reed – Rain and Thunder Collective, MA, United States
571. Yasmin Rehman – Women’s rights campaigner, member of the End Violence Against Women Coalition Board, UK
572. Stephanie Reifferscheid – BA, Women’s Advocate and counselor for more than 25 years, Vancouver, BC, Canada
573. Jennifer Remnant – United Kingdom
574. Sandrine Ricci – Phd Student and Assistant professor (UQAM), Montréal, PQ, Canada
575. Hélène Richard – Intervenante auprès des femmes, Montréal, QC, Canada
576. Mylène Richer – Éducatrice en garderie, Beauharnois, QC, Canada
577. Jenny Rickmann – Nurse, Germany
578. Chantelle Rideout – MFA University of New Brunswick, Halifax, NS, Canada
579. Nella Righetti – Turin, Italy
580. Cossette Rivera – Equality Now, New York, United States
581. Haile Rivera – New York, United States
582. Chantal Robitaille – Intervenante CALACS Chateauguay, Beauharnois, QC, Canada
583. Sanda Rodgers – Emeritus Professor, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
584. Eleanor Roffman – Ed.D. Professor and Director of Field Training, Division of Counseling and Psychology, Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences, Lesley University, MA, United States
585. Caitlin Roper – WA State Coordinator, Collective Shout, Australia
586. Carissa Ropponen – BA, Executive and Development Assistant, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
587. Nina Rose, MD – Vice President, Swedish Medical Women’s Association, Sweden
588. Garine Roubinian – Rain and Thunder Collective, MA, United States
589. Nayiree Roubinian – Rain and Thunder Collective, MA, United States
590. Isabelle Rouillard – Intervenante, QC, Canada
591. Justine Rouse-Lamarre – Étudiante à la maîtrise en histoire à l’UQAM, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
592. Gerardine Rowley – Ruhama, Ireland
593. Lorraine Roy – Militante et survivante de la prostitution, St-Jérôme, QC, Canada
594. Michèle Roy – Organisatrice communautaire, Montréal, QC, Canada
595. Sylvie Roy – Désigner, St-Pie, QC, Canada
596. Rita Ruel – Enseignante retraitée, QC, Canada
597. Marion Runcie – Vancouver BC, Canada
598. Assistant Professor Rakhi Ruparelia B.Sc., B.S.W., LL.B. M.S.W., LL.M. – University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
599. Dr. Emma Rush – Lecturer in Ethics and Philosophy, Charles Stuart University, Australia
600. Louisa Russell – Front-line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
601. Roweena Russell – United Kingdom
602. Persia Rutchinski – Sydney, Australia
603. Susanne Rutchinski – BA, graphic designer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
604. Valentina S., – Resistenza femminista, Italy
605. Marie-Claude Saindon – Intervenante CALACS de Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
606. Peggy Sakow – Founding Co-Chair and Member, Temple Committee Against Human
607. Trafficking, Temple Emanu-El-Beth Sholom, Montreal, QC, Canada
608. Anaïs Salamon – Bibliothécaire en chef bibliothèque d’études islamiques de l’Université McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada
609. Roberta Salper – Resident Scholar, Women’s Studies Research Center, Brandeis University Boston, MA, United States
610. Julieta Montaño Salvatierra – Abogada, Directora de la Oficina Jurídica Para la Mujer
611. Yolanda Sanchez-Contreras – Communications Coordinator GSIJP Office Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd (An NGO in special consultative status with ECOSOC, UN)
612. Myles Sanchez – President, Bagong Kamalayan Prostitution Survivors’ Collective, Manila, Philippines
613. Aida F. Santos-Maranan – President & Executive Director, Board of Trustees Consultant on Gender, Development, Human Rights, Philippines
614. Mélanie Sarroino – LL.M., Agente de liaison et de promotion RQCALACS (Regroupement québécois des centres d’aide et de lutte contre les agressions à caractère sexuel), Montréal, PQ, Canada
615. Jeanne Sarson – Persons Against Non-State Torture, Canada
616. Katharina Sass – Norway
617. Kathryn Scarbrough – PhD, East Brunswick, NJ, United States
618. Sarah Schwartz – United States
619. Emma Scott – Director, Rights of Women, London, UK
620. Amy Sebes – Founder, Association of Albanian Girls and Women (AAGW), Albania
621. Karen Segal – B.A, JD candidate 2014, Vancouver, BC, Canada
622. Solveig Senft – Abolitionist, Member of Terre des Femmes, Germany
623. Brittney Sharma – Activist, Vancouver, BC, Canada
624. Jonnie Sharp – NC, United States
625. Carole Shea – Militante, Rawdon, QC, Canada
626. Professor Elizabeth Sheehy – LLB, LLM, LLD (Hons LSUC), 2014 Recipient of the CBA Ramon Hnatyshyn Award for Law
627. Idit Harel Shemesh – Machon Toda’a Awareness Center, Israel
628. Victoria Sherman – Italy
629. Sr. Terry Shields – MSHR President, Dawn’s Place, Philadelphia, United States
630. Maire Ni Shuilleabhain – Support worker with women affected by prostitution and THB, Ireland
631. Linda Shuto – Vancouver, BC, Canada
632. Christiane Sibillotte – Comité justice sociale des soeurs auxiliatrices, Montréal, QC, Canada
633. Rachèle Simard – Artiste, Montréal, QC, Canada
634. Associate Professor Penelope Simons – BA, LLB, LLM, PhD, Honours: Human Security Fellow 2002-2004 Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
635. Ann Simonton – Media Watch, United States
636. Indrani Sinha – Executive Director, Sanlaap, India
637. Georgette Sirois – Infirmière retraitée, Ville de Québec, QC, Canada
638. Chris Sitka – Australia
639. Shannon Slight – Tasmania, Australia
640. Stephanie-Grace Skrobisz – Santa Cruz, CA, United States
641. Cherry Smiley – Nlaka’pamux/Thompson and Dine’/Navajo Nations, co-founder of Indigenous Women Against the Sex Industry, BC, Canada
642. Keira Smith-Tague – Front line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
643. Betty M. Smith – Camden, ME, United States
644. Linnea W. Smith – MD, North Carolina, United States
645. Peggy R. Smith – Lincolnville, ME, United States
646. Joan Smurthwaite – Catholic Women’s League WA, Australia
647. Mudahogora Solange – Maitrise en sociologie avec spécialisation en études des femmes de l’université d’Ottawa, Représentante de Femmes action en région métropolitaine de Halifax, NS, Canada
648. Silvia Elida Ortiz Solis – Representante del Grupo Civil VI.D.A, Torreon, Mexico
649. Carole Anne Soong – University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada
650. Lisa Sparrow – Skowkale First Nation, Front-line anti-violence worker Chilliwack, BC, Canada
651. Emily Spence – BA, Vancouver, BC, Canada
652. Terre Spencer – United States
653. Anne-Marie Spera – Travaillese Sociale, Gatineau, QC, Canada
654. Nadine Spuls – Vancouver, BC, Canada
655. Michèle St-Amand – Sexologue et psychothérapeute, Laval, QC, Canada
656. Johanne St-Amour – Féministe, QC, Canada
657. Ginette St-Jean – Val Joli, QC, Canada
658. Professor Joanne St. Lewis BA, LLB – University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONCanada
659. Ivana Stazio – Italy
660. Lisa Steacy – BA, front-line anti-violence worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
661. Cornelia Sternberg – Germany
662. Holly Stevens – Vancouver, BC, Canada
663. Hanne Storset – Analyzer, Social Sciences, Norway
664. Johanna Strand – Teacher and feminist, Norway
665.T errie Strange – Organizing for Women’s Liberation, Yuma, AZ, United States
666. Emily Streibel – Raymond, AB, Canada
667. Eva Streibel – Raymond, AB, Canada
668. Katie Streibel – Transition House Worker, Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
669. Agnete Strøm – The Women’s Front of Norway, Bergen, Norway
670. Leah Strudwick – Student, Toronto, ON, Canada
671. Annie Sugier – President, Ligue du Droit International des Femmes, Paris, France
672. Eun Soon Suh – Burnaby, BC, Canada
673. Amanda Sullivan – Equality Now, New York, United States
674. Doris Sullivan – Militante abolitionniste, Rawdon, QC, Canada
675. Rose Sullivan – Militante et survivante de la prostitution, Rawdon, QC, Canada
676. Elsie Suréna – Intervenante dans le domaine de la violence contre les femmes, Toronto, ON, Canada
677. Jacqueline Sutton – BA, Vancouver, BC, Canada
678. Fumi Suzuki – Executive Director, Space Allies, Japan
679. Eva-Britt Svensson – former Member of the European Parliament, Sweden
680. Hélène Sylvain – Conseillère pédagogique, St-Jérome, QC, Canada
681. Geneviève Szczepanik – Ph.d., Montréal, QC, Canada
682. Carolina Tafuri – Italy
683. Mairead Tagg – Clinical Psychologist and specialist in gender based violence, Scotland
684. Julie Talbot – Montréal, QC, Canada
685. Elsie Tan – MSN, member of University Women’s Club, Vancouver, BC, Canada
686. Emilia Tedesco – Turin, Italy
687. Karin Temerpley – Melbourne, Australia
688. Danièle Tessier – Sociologue, Montréal, QC, Canada
689. Randi Theil – Head of Secretariat, Women’s Council in Denmark (Kvinderådet)
690. Maj Britt Theorin – F. member of European Parliament and chairwomen of the Committee of Women’s Right and Equality
691. Carole Thériault – Intervenante sociale au CALACS, St-Alphonse, QC, Canada
692. Mélanie Thétrault – Intervenante, Granby, QC, Canada
693. Joan Thomas – RN, PhD, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
694. Nia Thomas – Artist, London, United Kingdom
695. Linda Thompson – Women’s Support Project, Scotland
696. Virginie Tiberghien – Action ontarienne contre la violence faite aux femmes Ottawa, ON, Canada
697. Yvonne Tierney – ON, Canada
698. Léa Trahan – Montréal, QC, Canada
699. Alice Tremblay – Montréal, QC, Canada
700. Karine Tremblay – Agente de liaison RQCALACS, Montréal, PQ, Canada
701. Dr. Jill Trenholm – Lecturer/researcher, Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
702. Rita Trottier – Montréal, QC, Canada
703. Ada Tsang – BSW, Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
704. Irene Tsepnopoulos-Elhaimer – Executive Director, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
705. Louise Turmel – Enseignante retraitée, Ville de Québec, QC, Canada
706. Jane Turner – Teacher, Burnaby, BC, Canada
707. Gale Tyler – Vancouver, BC, Canada
708. Anna Ulatowshki – Germany
709. Sara Ungar – ON, Canada
710. Nordic Model Advocates, United Kingdom
711. Adina Ungureanu – Ville Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada
712. Helen Uwangue – Benin City, Nigeria
713. France Vallières – Retraitée, Rive Sud, QC, Canada
714. Sylvie Van Brabant – Cinéaste, Montréal, QC, Canada
715. Nicolien Van Luijk – MA, PhD (c), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
716. Toni Van Pelt – Public Policy Director, Institute for Science and Human Values, Inc. FL, United States
717. Claudette Vandal – Montréal, QC, Canada
718. Helen Vasa – Registered Clinical Counsellor, Canada
719. Roberta Veenstra – Engaged Citizen, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
720. Marie Hélène Veillette – Conseillère en rééducation, Granby, QC, Canada
721. Sue Veneer – United Kingdom
722. Michèle Vianès – Présidente de regards de femmes, Lyon, France
723. Marilou Vidal – Bénévole GAP, Mercier, QC, Canada
724. Monique Vigneault – Retraitée, Amos, QC, Canada
725. Jeanne Villeneuve – Directrice des institutions patrimoniales Blueland, Conseillère de quartier mairie du 7° arrondissement de Paris, Présidente de l’Association quartier Breteuil de Paris, France
726. Ariane Vinet-Bonin – Étudiante à la maîtrise en service social à l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
727. Dr. Judith Walker – Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
728. Megan Walker – Executive Director, London Abused Women’s Centre, London, ON, Canada
729. Zuilmah Wallis – Ireland
730. Dr. Renate Walther – Germany
731. Pei-Ju Wang – Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
732. Claire Warmels – Étudiante en philosophie à Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
733. Simone Watso – Exited survivor, Australia
734. Maureen Watt – Citoyenne, St-Lin-Laurentides, QC, Canada
735. Megan Watt – Leduc, AB, Canada
736. Karin Werkman – Researcher, the Netherlands
737. Morgan Westcott – Vancouver, BC, Canada
738. Chloe Westlake – BA, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
739. Vicki Wharton – Antipornculture, United Kingdom
740. Dr. Rebecca Whisnant – Director of Women’s and Gender Studies, University of Dayton, United States
741. Cindy Wilkinson – ON, Canada
742. Jeri Williams – Survivor 2 Survivor, Portland, OR, United States
743. Jacqueline Wilson – Businesswoman and Philanthropist, Board Chair, Women Against Violence Against Women Rape Crisis Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
744. Margareta Winberg – Former deputy prime minister and minister for gender equality, Sweden
745. Ursula Wojciechowski – Translator, Germany
746. Elizabeth Wolber – Teacher at Fraser Heights Secondary School, Collective member with Vancouver Rape Relief and Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
747. Angela Wong – Edmonton, AB, Canada
748. Crystal Wong – Asian Women Coalition Ending Prostitution, Canada
749. Maria Wong – Front line anti-violence worker Vancouver Rape Relief & Women’s Shelter, BC, Canada
750. Jodie Woodward – Head of Operations, Nia Ending Violence, UK
751. Corey Lee Wrenn – founder Vegan Feminist Network, United States
752. Pauline Yargeau – Administratrice d’un centre d’aide et de lutte contre les agressions à caractère sexuel, Amos, QC, Canada
753. Elisabeth Zadnick – QC, Canada
754. Kerstin Zander – Re-Empowerment e.V., Deutschland
755. Clorinde Zephir – Professeure de littérature française, Directrice d’organisation féministe, Haïti
Men in support of this letter
756. Brian Africa – Vancouver, BC, Canada
757. Dr. Ifode Ajari – Medical doctor, United States
758. Iroro Ajari – Nigeria
759. Obuks Ajari – Lagos, Nigeria
760. Kevin Ault – High School Teacher, Vancouver, BC, Canada
761. Louis Bélisle – Consultant en développement organisationnel, Montréal, QC, Canada
762. Alain Benoit – Travailleur du réseau de la santé, Montréal, QC, Canada
763. Bert Bjarland – Vice President, Profeministmiehet, Finland
764. Didier Bois – Enseignant, Paris, France
765. Andrew Bomberry – Policy Analyst/ Researcher, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
766. Paolo Botti – Executive Director, Associazione Amici di Lazzaro, Italy
767. Dr. Christoph Brake – Germany
768. Dr. Robert Brannon, Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College CUNY. National Chairperson, NOMAS Task Group on Pornography, Prostitution, and Sex-Trafficking
769 .Mordecai Briemberg – Member of StopWar.ca, retired College Instructor, Burnaby, BC, Canada
770. Stan Burditt – Founder, MAST-Men Against Sexual Trafficking, Canada
771. Giorgio Carpita – Italy
772. Denis Carrier – QC, Canada
773. Philippe Fortier Charette – Travailleur, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
774. Mathieu Charland-Faucher – Organisateur communautaire, Granby, QC, Canada
775. Gagan Chhabra – Student, Norway
776. Alex Coles – BFA Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
777. Guillaume Danis – Militant, Saint-Lin, QC, Canada
778. James Darbouze – Enseignant-chercheur, Militant syndical, Port-au-Prince, Haïti
779. Jhonson Desir – Linguiste, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
780. Timothy Dickau – DMin, Vancouver, BC, Canada
781. Martin Dufresne – Journalist, Le COUAC, Canada
782. Paul Eid – Professeur au Département de sociologie de l’UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
783. Pius Elue – Chicago, IL, United States
784. Renel Exentus – Militant Assumer Ayiti, Montréal, QC, Canada
785. Marco Fasoli – Turin, Italy
786. Professor Gene Feder – Professor of Primary Health Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
787. Professor Bruce Feldthusen – former Dean, BA Queen’s, JD Michigan, LLB Western and LLM Michigan
788. Antonio Chiadò Fiorio Tin – Mayor, Massello Municipality, Province of Turin, Italy
789. Joshua Flavell – Sydney, Australia
790. Nicolas Flechier – Travailleur social, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
791. Matt Fodor – ON, Canada
792. Daniele Gaglianone – Film Producer, Turin, Italy
793. Adam Gagnon – Militant, Beauharnois, QC, Canada
794. Martin Gallié – Professeur de droit à l’Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada
795. Gabriel Garcia – Comptable, Grenville-sur-la-Rouge, QC, Canada
796. Claude Gendron – Retraité, Responsable des achats à la maison mère des Soeurs de miséricorde, Brossard, QC, Canada
797. Ioan Gi-Kwong – Étudiant, Bromont, QC, Canada
798. Massimo Gianasso – Turin Municipality Police Force, Turin, Italy
799. Maurizio Gili – Accountant, Senior Partner, Maurizio Gili & Co, Turin, Italy
800. Azlan Graves – LPN/Outreach nurse, Vancouver, BC, Canada
801. Chris Green – Director White Ribbon Campaign, UK
802. Michael Horowitz – CEO, 21 Century Initiatives, Principal Author of the US Trafficking Victims
803. Protection Act
804. Benedict Hynes – PhD candidate, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada
805. Biko Ismé-René – Étudiant, Artiste, Travailleur, Montréal, QC, Canada
806. Dr. Robert Jensen – University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States
807. Thomas H. Kemsley – Vancouver, BC, Canada
808. Edoardo Kibongui – Italian Baptist Union of Churches, Turin, Italy
809. Anton Klepke – Sweden
810. Claude Labrecque – QC, Canada
811. Benjamin Lach – Germany
812. Marie-Thérèse Lacourse – QC, Canada
813. Matthew K. Laing – Vancouver, BC, Canada
814. Michael Laxer – Toronto City Council Candidate-Ward 6, Toronto, ON, Canada
815. Gabriel Legault – Mi-retraité service quincaillerie et ami dans la fam. Int. De la miséricorde, Lachine, QC, Canada
816. Gabriele Lenzi – Resistenza femminista, Italy
817. David Lohan – Co-Author “Open Secrets: An Irish Perspective on Trafficking & Witchcraft”, Ireland
818. Oscar Sanchez Viesca Lopez – Miembro activo del grupo civil VI.D.A y amnrdac, Torreon, Mexico
819. Eli Mack-Hardiman – NY, United States
820. Claudio Magnabosco – Director and co-founder, Associazione Ragazze di Benin City, Italy
821. Guy Malette – Responsable des Achats et de la maintenance de la Maison mère des Soeurs de Miséricorde, Montréal, QC, Canada
822. Pascal Marcil – Senior specialist, Bromont, QC, Canada
823. Dr. Michael Markwick – Capilano University, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
824. Colin Mingus – Vancouver, BC, Canada
825. Josua Mata – Secretary-General, SENTRO Labor Center, Philippines
826. Hugh McElveen – Independent Researcher, Ireland
827. David McHugh – Vancouver, BC, Canada
828. Ronald Meyer – Halfmoon Bay, BC, Canada
829. Patrick Morin – Militant, Valleyfield, QC, Canada
830. Ryan Munn – Vancouver, BC, Canada
831. Jonathan Nambu – Executive Director, Samaritana Transformation Ministries, Inc., Philippines
832. Michael Nestor – Australia
833. David H. Nguyen – Editor-in-Chief, Cancer InCytes Magazine, USA
834. Irwin Oostindie – Media producer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
835. Arinze Orakue – Director of PR, Nigerian National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP), Abuja, Nigeria
836. Joe Osagie – Greater London City Council, London, UK
837. Lucky Oseye – Turin, Italy
838. Simeon Pang – Vancouver, BC, Canada
839. Pascale Parent – Interventante CALACS de Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
840. Dan Peters – Partnership Co-ordinator, Native Women’s Association of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
841. Alain Philoctète – Coordonateur de programmes, Poète, Maîtrise en pratique de recherche et action publique, Montréal, QC, Canada
842. Richard Poulin – Professeur émérite département de sociologie et d’anthropologie de l’Université d’Ottawa, Professeur associé à l’Institut de recherches et d’études féministes (IREF) de l’Université du
843. Québec à Montréal, Ville Mont-Royal, QC, Canada
844. Professor Keith Pringle – Professor of Sociology with a specialism in social work, Uppsala University, Sweden; Adjungeret Professor, Aalborg University, Denmark; and Honorary Professor, University of Warwick, UK
845. Fred Robert – Fondateur, Zéromacho
846. Vincent Romani – Professeur régulier, département de science politique à l’Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
847. Marc Andris Saint Louis – Travailleur social, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
848. Dario Saluz – Architect, Turin, Italy
849. Hugh Samson – B.Sc, P. Geo. Vancouver, BC, Canada
850. François Savard – Directeur de la Maison mère des Soeurs de Miséricorde, Montréal, QC, Canada
851. Philippe Scelles – Président d’honneur et vice-président de la Fondation Scelles
852. Yves Scelles – Vice-président de la Fondation Scelles, France
853. Reece K. Sellin – Fort Saskatchewan, AB, Canada
854. Marc André Sullivan – Militant, Montréal, QC, Canada
855. François Trudel – Directeur d’entreprise Chandelles tradition, St-Constant, QC, Canada
856. Elcid Vedinel – Linguiste, Membre d’organisation féministe, Haïti
857. Ray Justin Ventura – National Chairperson, Youth and Students Advancing Gender Equality (YSAGE), Philippines
858. Max Waltman – PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, Sweden
859. Marv Wheale – Home Health Air, Vancouver, BC, Canada
860. Jonathan R. Wilson – Ph.D., Carey Theological College, Vancouver, BC, Canada
861. Carlo Italo Zanotti – Architect, Senior Partner, Artom & Zanotti Associati, Turin, Italy
862. David Zimmerman – GEMS Council of Daughters, National Survivor Network, Polaris Project Legislative Circle, United States of America
Footnotes
[1] Canada (Attorney General) v.Bedford, 2012 ONCA 186, para. 117, online at: http://www.ontariocourts.ca/decisions/2012/2012ONCA0186.pdf [2] Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford, 2013 SCC 72, para. 86, online at: http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/13389/index.do. [3] Seo-Young Cho, Axel Dreher, Eric Neumayer,“Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?” World Development, vol. 41, pp. 67–82, 2013. [4] Ministry of Justice (New Zealand), “Street-Based Workers,” Report of the Prostitution Law Review Committee on the Operation of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003, chap. 8, 2008, online at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/policy/commercial-property-and-regulatory/pro…. [5] Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (Germany), Report by the Federal Government on the Impact of the Act Regulating the Legal Situation of Prostitutes (Prostitution Act), July 2007, at 79. online at: www.mvcr.cz/soubor/05-regulating-legal-situation-of-prostitutes.aspx. See also, Ministry of Security and Justice (The Netherlands), Daalder, A.L., WODC (Research and Documentation Centre), “Conclusions,” Prostitution in the Netherlands since the lifting of the brothel ban, 2007, online at: http://english.wodc.nl/onderzoeksdatabase/1204e-engelse-vertaling-rapport-evaluatie-opheffing-bordeelverbod.aspx?cp=45&cs=6798